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India retains top slot in milk production

Now, Web-based software to predict livestock diseases

India remains world leader in milk production: NDDB

Seafood exports may touch $4 bn on increase in shrimp trade

Livestock sector faces new challenges: Report

Research: Ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle (a review)

International Egg and Poultry Review: India

India Declares Itself Bird Flu Free

MP's Kadaknath Introduced in City Poultry Farm

Seafood exports surge on falling rupee, rising unit value

Eggs Remain Unchanged as Prices Already High

Research: Alternative proteins in salmonid feeds

FDA now to ban some uses for antibiotics on animals

White Revolution-II: NDDB to invest Rs 2,040 cr in first phase, import 400 bulls

Filariasis Serum Fear Hits Chicken Sale in Kerala

Indian company introduces novel micro-encapsulating technology

US: Training on poultry handling

India Extends Import Ban on Milk From China

New Feed Mill & Laboratories Opened in India

India World Leader In Milk Production


India retains top slot in milk production

India continues to be the largest milk producing nation, according to the report of the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) for 2010-11.

The country?s estimated milk production for the period stood at 121 million tonne (mt), close to 17% of the world?s total produce.

During the year, dairy cooperatives collected 9.6 mt of milk, a growth of about 1% over the last year. Liquid milk marketing by cooperatives increased by around 4% over the previous year and was about 8.2 mt in 2010-11.

Amrita Patel, chairman of NDDB, said, ?Higher GDP growth, increased incomes in rural areas thanks to schemes like MGNREGA, and a growing population are among major reasons for this rapidly growing demand for milk.?

Now the only way to cope with this increasing demand is to have a scientific approach, that is improve genetic potential of milch animals and feed them a balanced diet to ensure they produce milk commensurate with their genetic potential. Regarding this, NDDB has prepared a multi-state initiative titled National Dairy Plan (NDP) with a 15-year horizon,? she said, adding, ?NDP-I has already been appraised by the World Bank and approval for the same is expected shortly.?

The first phase of NDP is proposed to extend over a period of six years and envisages an investment of around R2,000 crore for activities ranging from having bulls of high genetic merit for disease-free quality semen to delivery of artificial insemination (AI) service at farmers? doorsteps in line with prescribed Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) to services like ear-tagging of animals and proving training.

The project is proposed to be carried out by End Implementing Agencies (EIAs) along with State Cooperative Dairy Federations, District Cooperative Milk Producers? Unions, producer companies and State Livestock Development Boards.

The same will be done in states that have agreed to put in place the necessary regulatory and policy measures to create an enabling environment for the successful implementation of the project.

Additional funding for activities that are commercial in nature, such as plants for milk processing and manufacture of cattle feed, is being explored with the International Finance Corporation.

Now, Web-based software to predict livestock diseases
Jan 2

The Bangalore-based Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance (PDADMAS) has developed a Web-based interactive software to predict livestock diseases two months in advance in the country.

PDADMAS functions under the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) and has been forecasting animal diseases.

Diseases

As part of this project, 15 economically-important livestock diseases such as Anthrax, Babesiosis, Bluetongue, Black Quarter, Contagious Caprine Pleuro-prenumonia, Enterotoxaemia, Fascioliasis, Food and Mouth Disease, Haemonhagic Septicemia, Pestes des petits ruminants, Rabies, Sheep and Goat Pox, Swine fever, Theileriasis and Trypanosomiasis have been included.

Through active interaction with the National Animal Disease Referral Expert System (NADRES) programme, a Web-enabled system based on interactive relational software wherein the probable occurrence of economically important livestock diseases has been developed,? said Dr. H. Rehman, Director, PDADMAS- Bangalore.

The software predicts the occurrence of disease two months in advance at district level and can alert the respective state animal husbandry departments for preventive actions,? he added.

Livestock census

According to the 18th Livestock Census, 2007 India possess 530 million livestock, which includes 199.08 million cattle, 105.34 million buffaloes, 71.5 million sheep, 140.5 million goats, 11.34 million pigs, 0.61 million horses and ponies, 0.57 million mules and donkeys, 0.52 million camels, 0.08 million yaks, 0.26 million mithun besides 489 million poultry.

The country tops the list with respect to buffalo, second in cattle and goats, third in sheep and fifth in poultry population in comparison to the world livestock and poultry population. Total livestock population in the country has increased from 292.8 million in 1951 to 530 million in 2007 at the rate of 1.06 per cent.

As the disease outbreak prediction is made two months ahead of occurrence of the diseases, the authorities concerned, can rule preventive measures by various means such as vaccination, prophylactic treatments and other control measures.

This helps the farmers to save their livestock and their livelihood income which provides economic benefits to them.

The disease forecasting service is being provided through the Web site (www.nadres.res.in) and also information is given to the directors of concerned state departments.

This information is in turn passed on to the veterinary officers of the villages concerned and also farmers are alerted to take necessary preventive measures. The forecasting of livestock disease is done for all the States and districts.

Business Line
India remains world leader in milk production: NDDB

India continues to be the largest milk producing nation in the world in 2010-11, the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) said here on Tuesday.

NDDB's Annual Report for 2010-11 said the country's estimated milk production for 2010-11 is 121 million tonnes (mt), close to 17 per cent of world milk production.

During the year, dairy cooperatives collected 9.6 mt, a growth of around one per cent over last year. Liquid milk marketing by cooperatives increased by around 4 per cent over the previous year and was about 8.2 mt in 2010-11, according to an NDDB statement.

Higher GDP growth, increased incomes in rural areas through schemes such as MGNREGA and growing population are contributing to a rapidly growing demand for milk, said Dr Amrita Patel, Chairman, NDDB. It is, therefore, imperative that a scientifically planned multi-State initiative is launched.

The first phase of NDDB's 15-year plan, known as National Dairy Plan (NDP), has been appraised by the World Bank and approval for the project is expected in early 2012, she added.

Seafood exports may touch $4 bn on increase in shrimp trade
Jan 03, 2012

Seafood exports during the current financial year are likely to reach $4 billion largely due to increased trade in shrimps. Indian production of vanammei shrimps, also known as white shrimps, is likely to touch 30,000 tonne in the current year, officials of Seafood Exporters Association of India (SEAI) said.

India started farming vannamei shrimps in 2010 following stiff competition from countries like Thailand and China in the global market. India produces mainly black tiger shrimp and processing facilities are running at 30% of their capacity. Export rivals in Asia, such as Thailand, Vietnam and Indonesia, have already introduced this variety, which lead to a jump in their production. Black tiger shrimps have higher production costs and lower yields than vannamei. According to SEAI sources, the cost of production of vannamei is $2.29 per kg?which is just half the cost of producing other Indian shrimp species. ?Shrimp exports are better this year. But for some bad crop due to the usage of bad seedlings, vannamei crop should have been better. Our last crop was not to the expectation,? Anwar Hashim of SEAI said.

According to the data provided by Marine Exports Product Development Authority (MPEDA), export of vannamei shrimp during the April-September period increased tremendously by 495% in volume, 692% in rupee value and 721% in dollar realisation, against same period last year. ?Though there was shortage in supply from other major producers like Thailand and Vietnam, it is noticed that the buyers and customers seem to have confidence in Indian shrimp supply,? MPEDA sources said. Export of frozen shrimp to the US registered a growth of 47.19% in volume, 53.55% in rupee value and 58.74% in $ terms during the H1, FY 12.

Frozen shrimp export to Japan also showed an increase of 2.5%, 7.73% and 10.30% in volume, rupee value and $, value respectively. As per the provisional figures provided by the MPEDA, the export of marine products from India during April to September 2011 was 312904 tonne in quantity, worth R6679.57 crore , which is equivalent to $ 1496.34 million.

During the last financial year India exported 8,13,091 tonne of marine products, of an aggregate value of R12, 901.47 crore ($2,856.92 million). Frozen shrimp accounted for over 44% of the total quantity exported during FY11.

India is the second largest fish producer in the world after China and accounts for nearly six per cent of global fish production. Growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of about 7%, India?s marine and fish industry is likely to reach R67,800 crore by 2015 from the current level of nearly R53,000 crore, apex industry body Assocham reports.

Livestock sector faces new challenges: Report
The growing global population has thrown up many a concern over what hold for different sectors in future and one of the major areas that has been engaging the attention of scientists, economists and policy-makers is food security.

Come 2050, the consumption of animal protein in the world will be two-thirds more than today's volume.

And the questions on raising the supply to meet the increasing demand have focused on the strains that it will cause to the natural resources of the planet.

Meat consumption

According to a report, titled ?World Livestock 2011', released by the Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO), world meat consumption is projected to rise around 73 per cent and dairy consumption by 58 per cent by 2050 over the current levels.

This will have to be met by large-scale and intensive animal-rearing operations and as of now, there are no technically or economically viable alternatives to achieve the desired levels of production. The existing systems give rise to concerns about their environmental impacts such as groundwater pollution and greenhouse emissions, as well as their ?potential to act as incubators of diseases', says the report.

Since 1967, global production of poultry meat increased by around 700 per cent, eggs by 350 per cent, pig meat by 290 per cent, sheep and goat meat by 200 per cent, beef and buffalo meat by 180 per cent and milk by 180 per cent.

This resulted largely from an increase in the overall number of animals being raised.

But using the same level of natural resources as at present, it is hard to think about meeting the projected demand by keeping twice as many poultry, 80 per cent more goats and sheep, 50 per cent more cattle and 40 per cent more pigs, feels the report.

To raise production

It notes that based on the existing knowledge and technology, there are three ways of increasing the production in an environmental-friendly manner: reduce the level of pollution generated from waste and greenhouse gases; bring down the input of water and grain needed for output of livestock protein; and recycle agro-industrial by-products through livestock populations.

Livestock products today contribute 12.9 per cent of calories consumed worldwide and 20.3 per cent in developed countries.

Their share to protein consumption is estimated at 27.9 per cent worldwide and 47.8 per cent in developed countries, says the report.

Research: Ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle (a review)
03 Jan 2012

Researchers from the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Canada and the Lethbridge Research centre in Canada cooperated with the Autonomous University of Barcelona in Spain to review the interplay between feed ingredients, rumen function and feeding behaviour in the occurrence of ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle.

Ruminal acidosis in feedlot cattle is a common metabolic disorder of digestive origin with significant economic and welfare implications.

The main risk factors are high grain, low roughage diets because of their high rate and extent of degradation by rumen microbes.

Diet formulation should therefore consider the proportion, method of processing and type of grain; the proportion, fibre concentration and particle size of forages; and the use of feed additives.

Grain and forage characteristics, and feed additives, may determine the rate and amount of organic acids produced in the rumen.

In addition, diet formulation may also affect feeding behaviour, i.e. feed intake and chewing behaviours, which has a great influence on ruminal fluid acid?base balance.

Feeding characteristics associated with low ruminal fluid pH are:

 high dry matter intake and ingestion of large meals because of the greater amount of acid production per period of time,

 high eating rate because of lower feed ensalivation,

  short time spent chewing while eating and ruminating because of lower daily saliva production, and

 large variations in feeding behaviour patterns throughout the day such as less frequent meals and rumination.

The ruminal acid?base balance requires synchronization in time between acid production and neutralization through saliva, as well as elimination through absorption, wash-out from the rumen, and metabolization.

Greater proportions of roughage in the diet and greater particle size leads to slower eating rate and longer chewing time which favours saliva production, and smaller meals which reduce the amount of acid production.

Adaptation of feeding behaviour to diets with greater proportion of concentrates also plays an important role, as smaller meals and more even distribution of intake throughout the day lead to a better synchronization in time between acid production and elimination or neutralization.

Monensin vs sodium bicarbonate

Monensin increases the frequency of meals and reduces meal size which is beneficial for ruminal fluid pH, whereas sodium bicarbonate at high concentrations produces the opposite effects and reduces rumination.

In addition to diet formulation, feeding management and the social environment may also affect feeding behaviour and consequently, ruminal fluid pH.

Delivering the feed twice daily results in better synchronization in time between feed intake (acid production), rumination (saliva production), and elimination of fermentation products from the rumen.

In contrast, feeding programs that restrict feed amount and time available allow animals to become hungry, whereas restricted feeding space increases competition among group mates.

Both situations lead to fewer and larger meals eaten at a faster rate, and consequently, greater risk of ruminal acidosis.

All About Feed
International Egg and Poultry Review: India
04 Jan 2012

This is a weekly report by the USDA's Agricultural Marketing Service (AMS), looking at international developments concerning the poultry industry. This week's review looks at India's poultry situation.



India?s poultry production has been growing about 8-10 per cent annually over the past decade and more than 15 per cent over the past three years, according to an ICRA assessment. USDA?s official projection for 2012 is 2.75 million tons; unofficial projections are as high as 3.2 million tons. Indian poultry and egg consumption is growing and is expected to double by 2014-2015 due to an expanding middle class, increasing employment levels and incomes, new demand for ready-to-cook products, and the growing presence of affordable quick service restaurants.

Indian broiler production is highly integrated and concentrated in the states Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and West Bengal. The formal sector contributes nearly 85 per cent of the total output. Sources estimate 90 per cent of Indian poultry is sold live and most slaughter and processing are done manually at the retail level. The processed poultry production sector is small and growing at a lower rate than the live-bird market. The processed poultry market is mainly oriented to serving hotels, restaurant and institutional consumers. In 2010 the Ministry of Food Processing Industries estimates the level of processing is only 6 per cent of poultry products.

India lacks basic infrastructure like a cold chain, transport, processing facilities and storage for fresh and frozen poultry meat. The Indian Ministry of Food Processing Industries (MOFPI) is administering a scheme for technology upgrading, establishment and modernization of processing plants. MOFPI launched the scheme "to provide integrated and complete cold chain and preservation infrastructure facilities without any break, from the farm gate to the consumer."

The consumers? preference for live poultry can be attributed to the belief that live poultry is disease free, fresher and more hygienic than processed chicken. In addition to inadequate cold chain infrastructure, poultry producers face few retail options for poultry products due to consumers? price sensitivity, customer resistance to commingled vegetarian and non-vegetarian products, and the general perception that live poultry is superior in quality.

Middle class households are the fastest growing segment of the population. With increased incomes and urbanization, people prefer to go for non-vegetarian diets. There is a new demand for ready-to-eat production and affordable quick service restaurants. Preference for poultry meat over other meats is due to year round availability throughout the country, relatively low prices, and cultural and religious non-preferences for pork and beef. Local dietary practices tend to prefer vegetarian protein sources, even among non-vegetarian consumers. Although total consumption is estimated to double by 2014-15, per capita consumption of meat and eggs will not necessarily double when factoring in population growth.

Growth in the layer industry is being driven by increasing demand for higher quality, lower cost protein. Industry sources estimate the layer industry growing at about 6 per cent annually, with per capita CY 2012 egg availability forecast at 57 eggs annually, compared with 51 eggs per year in CY 2011.



Imports and exports of broiler meat are almost nonexistent. Although there are no quantitative restrictions on imports of poultry meat, restrictive sanitary import regulations and high tariffs prevent US poultry and poultry product exports to India, and prevent almost all imports from other origins. India prohibits the import of poultry products from countries reporting either low pathogenic or high pathogenic notifiable avian influenza. Also, a lack of cold chain facilities and Indian consumers? preference for live birds limit marketing opportunities for frozen poultry.

India?s poultry exports are confined to table eggs, egg powder and SPF egg shipments to markets in Asia, Africa and the Middle East. Poultry meat exports are limited due to high production costs, insufficient marketing infrastructure and limited processed poultry production.

In 2009, India amended the avian influenza rule to allow imports of processed poultry products subject to a "conformity assessment." Trade data indicates that India?s imports of processed poultry products are nil and as of this time, the US is unable to export processed products to India under the requirements in the conformity assessment. Several US Senators have requested US Trade Representative Kirk to explain "the important biosecurity measures that have been implemented in the US and that the continued use of non-scientifically based measures to prevent trade is unacceptable."

ThePoultrySite News Desk
India Declares Itself Bird Flu Free
04.01.2012

India has declared itself free from bird flu (Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza). The World Organisation for Animal Health (OIE) was notified at the end of 2011. However, states have been advised to be vigilant.

If there is no outbreak of the disease for three consecutive months, a country can declare itself free from bird flu.

The last outbreak of the highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza was reported on September 19, 2011, from Betai Nanshatola and Putimari Christianpara in Tehetta Block of Nadia district, West Bengal. There were 849 deaths of birds in rural backyard poultry, reports The Hindu.

Before that, India had declared an outbreak on September 8, 2011, at Bhamondanga village, part- I, Agomoni Block in Dhubri district of Assam. There were 1,436 deaths in rural backyard poultry and as many as 15,409 birds were culled in the vicinity.

The control measures adopted were stamping out of the entire poultry population, including destruction of eggs, feed, litters and other infected materials in a radius of 3 km around each outbreak location, restriction on movement of poultry and poultry products to and from the area of outbreak, disinfection and cleaning up of infected premises. The final disinfection process was completed in September 2011.

Following the procedure, surveillance was carried out throughout the country. Surveillance around the area of outbreak since completion of the operation (including culling disinfection and clean up) and surveillance in the rest of the country has shown no evidence of bird flu in the last three months.

The bird flu-free declaration is essential to re-building the export market in the sector.

ThePoultrySite News Desk
MP's Kadaknath Introduced in City Poultry Farm
CHANDIGARH
05.01.2012
A rare poultry bird, indigenous to Madhya Pradesh, has been recently introduced in the Central Poultry Development Organisation (northern region), Chandigarh.

Popularly known as Kadaknath, the black jungle fowl is an aphrodisiac and has medicinal values too.

According to The Times of India, presently 500 birds have been brought from Madhya Pradesh for the organization.

Talking about the special breed, the director, Central Poultry Development Organisation (northern region), Ravi Kumar said, "We have brought these birds from Madhya Pradesh. Their flesh is black and the meat is beneficial in treating infertility, lack of haemoglobin and lactation problem in mothers."

This bird breeds easily and does not require any special care as it is native to our country and conditions. "Our farm is experimenting to find out if the bird can be raised in Punjab and Chandigarh," said Mr Kumar.

ThePoultrySite News Desk
Seafood exports surge on falling rupee, rising unit value
Kochi
5 Jan.

Year 2011 has been good for the Indian seafood export industry aided by afalling rupee and surging unit value realisations. While the total value realisations have been up almost 25 per cent, the volume of exports grew tersely at 2-3 per cent even as the unit value in dollar terms moved up smartly, Mr Anwar Hashim, Vice-President of the Seafood Exporters Association of India (SEAI), said.

This was accompanied by increased demand from overseas markets such as South-East Asia and China. Also, farmed shrimp production witnessed substantial growth as more areas were brought under the highly productive vannamei cultivation.

While shrimp exports continue to dominate India's export basket, the current surge in shrimp exports was made possible through increased production of the vannamei variety, Mr D B Ravi Reddy, President of SEAI said.

Year-on-year, there has been a 17-18 per cent depreciation in the value of the rupee enabling the seafood exporters to reap rich rewards. While all seafood exporters stood to gain, it was the exporters who had taken the least forward cover in dollar in the currency futures markets who made the most significant gains, Mr Hashim said. Going by the present trend he said that the fall in the value of the rupee is likely to persist into March ? the end of the current fiscal.

Recalling the experience of Thailand and Indonesia where their currency had plunged sharply couple of years back, he said the currencies made good gains but were never able to recover their previous levels. This is likely to be the case in India as well.

India's seafood export has gained considerable mileage on account of the large size of the new vannamei shrimp. Being still early days for vannamei production in India, the nutrient rich soil and water had aided in reaping a rich and large-sized crop. To maintain the crop productivity and size, sufficient nutrients will have to be added before the ensuing seasons. The large size also kindled increased demand for the Indian shrimp. The productivity of vannamei crop is substantially higher than tiger shrimp cultivation, bringing more profits to farmers and shoring up volumes for exports.

Strides in aquaculture have always been accompanied by the call for sustainability, Mr Ravi Reddy said. The effect of fish farming on the environment has to be acceptable in both the short and long term. As the seafood industry in India is about the witness yet another year of growth and success, the industry's commitment to sustainability remains as strong as ever.

The India International Seafood Show 2012, which is to be organised jointly by the Marine Products Export Development Authority and SEAI, from February 29 to March 2 in Chennai will highlight the potential of the Indian marine industry in achieving sustainability, Mr Ravi Reddy said.

Going by the current trends, the ambitious seafood export targets set for the year seems to be within reach. Aided by a significant marine catch and increased aquaculture production, ASSOCHAM's prediction that India's seafood industry, both domestic and exports, would reach Rs 67,800 crore from the current level of Rs 53,000 crore also seems possible.

Business Line
Eggs Remain Unchanged as Prices Already High
06.01.2012

After touching a record high last week, egg prices remained flat this week at Rs 3.20 a piece owing to buyers resistance.

The cold wave in the North and intensification of Thane in the South had pushed up poultry prices, according to The Hindu Business Line.

P. Selvaraj, Zonal Chairman of the National Egg Coordination Committee (NECC), Tamil Nadu, said the onset of cold wave in North India was the main reason for the price hike as the seasonal market attracted an average 25 million eggs a day of Namakkal's average daily production of 2.75 billion eggs.

"Consumption of eggs usually goes up in the winter. Apart from that the Christmas and New Year holiday season has also boosted the consumption of poultry products. But now, owing to higher retail prices we see a consumer resistance and hence we have not raised the prices further," he added.

But prices are still at their lowest in the South at Rs 3.20 in Chennai and Bangalore, compared with Rs 3.40 in Mumbai and Delhi and Rs 3.43 in Kolkata.

Industry sources told Business Line that short supplies and high prices of vegetables have made way for eggs that are seen as the only balanced diet at a lower price. With the Pongal or Sankranti season ahead, the industry foresees lesser possibilities of a drop in price.

Meanwhile, NECC has slashed the price of layer birds to Rs 38 a kg (Rs 41) while the Broiler Coordination Committee's rate for cull birds is down by Rs 4 a kg to Rs 41.

ThePoultrySite News Desk
Research: Alternative proteins in salmonid feeds
06 Jan 2012

The US department of Agriculture and the University of Idaho investigated the effect of replacing fishmeal with blends of alternative proteins on growth performance of rainbow trout, and early or late stage juvenile Atlantic salmon.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate blends of alternate proteins as replacements for fishmeal in diets for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and to use the results to develop and test alternate protein blends in diets for juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).

First step

Nine experimental diets in which protein blends replaced 63%, 82% or 100% of fishmeal in the formulation (20, 10, and 0% fishmeal) were fed to rainbow trout (initial weight 19.5 g) for 12 weeks.

Weight gains of trout fed diets containing the soy protein concentrate-based blend and the fishmeal control diet were similar, except at the 100% fishmeal replacement level, and significantly higher than that of trout fed diets containing the other blends.

Modification one

The soy protein blend and another based on wheat gluten meal were modified slightly and evaluated in early stage Atlantic salmon juveniles (initial weight 5.5 g).

Protein blends replaced 50%, 66% or 84% of fishmeal (30, 20 or 10% fishmeal).

Weight gains of early stage juvenile salmon after 18 weeks of feeding were significantly lower and feed conversion ratios higher when fed diets containing either blend compared to the fishmeal control diet, and gains decreased as level of fishmeal replacement increased.

Modification two

Blends were then modified further and tested in advance stage salmon juveniles (initial weight 31.5 g). These blends were solely either all plant protein-based or contained poultry by-product meal.

Both blends were evaluated with or without addition of Spirulina algae meal.

Alternate protein blends completely replaced fishmeal in experimental diets.

After 12 weeks of feeding, no differences in weight gain or feed conversion ratios were measured among groups fed experimental diets containing protein blends or the fishmeal control diet.

Conclusion

Replacement of fishmeal with alternative protein blends in diets for early stage juvenile salmon is not recommended and the penalty in growth is severe.

Fishmeal can be completely replaced in diets for late stage salmon over 30 g without compromising fish performance or using land animal protein ingredients in feed formulations.

Highlights

 Alternate protein blends were evaluated in rainbow trout and juvenile Atlantic salmon

 Rainbow trout growth was best using a soy protein concentrate blend

 Early stage juvenile Atlantic salmon performed poorly on all blends

 Late stage juveniles performed well on an all-plant protein diet

 Plant-protein blends can replace 100% of fishmeal in feeds for large juvenile salmon

All About Feed
FDA now to ban some uses for antibiotics on animals
06 Jan 2012

The US Food and Drug Administration has decided to ban some uses of a class of antibiotics on livestock out of concern that bacteria that sicken humans are becoming resistant to the drugs.

Some extralabel uses of cephalosporin antibiotics, such as giving the drug to animals to prevent disease rather than treat a specific illness, will become illegal. The ban is scheduled to take effect on April 5.

The announcement affects antibiotics called cephalosporins, drugs used widely to treat things like pneumonia or skin infections in people.

Cephalosporins are especially useful for children with infections; unlike other antibiotics, such as fluoroquinolones and tetracyclines, there aren't any restrictions on pediatric use of cephalosporins.

They also are important for treating bacterial meningitis and bone, urinary tract, and upper respiratory system infections.

Veterinary use

But veterinarians use them, too. In dairy cattle cephalosporins are used to treat Salmonella infections and in broilers and turkeys the baby chicks get injected with these antibiotics already in the egg to prevent them getting sick from E. coli and other poultry diseases later.

Still, the more the cephalosporins are used, the greater the chances that they will stop working in the future due to the bacteria having become resistant to them.

Bacterial resistance has long been a source of concern for many public health experts, including the Pew Health Group. Pew said in a press release that while "the FDA has approved cephalosporins to treat some infections in food animals, the drugs often are administered in ways not specifically approved by the agency."

This "extralabel" use of antibiotics by livestock producers is linked to the emergence of resistant bacteria, or superbugs, that have infected tens of thousands of people, according to David Wallinga, a physician at the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy and a member of the Keep Antibiotics Working coalition.

Today, the FDA said the drugs remain critically important for humans, so their use should be restricted only to humans.

The decision to restrict the cephalosporins comes just two weeks after the FDA announced it was trashing a 1977 proposal to remove approvals for two antibiotics, penicillins and tetracyclines, used in livestock and poultry feed.

All about Feed
White Revolution-II: NDDB to invest Rs 2,040 cr in first phase, import 400 bulls
Anand (Gujarat)
Jan. 8:

Rolling out the ambitious Rs 17,300 crore National Dairy Plan (NDP), that will run for the next 15 years, the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) is all set to launch the first phase, NDP-I, involving an investment of nearly Rs 2,000 crore in the next five years.

The first phase of NDP (October 2011-September 2017) is expected to commence in full force in the next couple of months across 14 States of India, possibly heralding a new White Revolution in the next decade.

NDP-I aims at a multi-State, multi-pronged, and long-term strategy to increase milk production. Around 400 bulls or equivalent embryos or semen doses of high-fertility pure and jersey pure breeds are being imported into India for nearly Rs 46 crore. Besides, NDDB will also strengthen the existing semen stations and set up new ones at a cost of Rs 237 crore, Dr Amrita Patel, Chairperson, toldBusiness Linehere.

Financial outlay

The total NDP-I outlay is around Rs 2,040 crore, including a credit from International Development Agency (IDA) for Rs 1,584 crore, the Government of India's share of Rs 176 crore and contribution of Rs 280 crore from End-Implementing Agency (EIA), i.e. cooperatives, etc, she said.

In addition, NDDB and its subsidiaries would contribute about Rs 200 crore towards technical and implementation support to the project.

NDP is being undertaken to meet the increasing demand of milk in India. Milk production increased five-fold from 22 million tonnes (mt) in 1969-70 to 112 mt in 2009-10, with a domestic per capita availability now being 263 gm a day.

The demand is further expected to increase to 150 mt in 2016-17 (end of the 12th Plan) and nearly 210 mt by 2021-22.

An incremental increase of six mt annually will be required to meet the demand 10 years from now.

Cow belt

This will be done in the ?Cow Belt?, which, for NDDB, is, however, different from the common perception that, normally, the Hindi-speaking States constitute this Belt.

For the NDDB, the Cow Belt has 14 major dairying States where NDP is set to be rolled out: Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, which, together, account for more than 90 per cent of India's milk production.

Dr Patel said that unlike in the West, milk production in India is mainly for domestic consumption and for the livelihood of 70 million rural households, a majority of whom are marginal or small farmers and landless. India has been left with little acreage devoted to fodder cultivation and grazing. A majority of 127 million adult breedable female cows and buffaloes have to depend on agricultural by-products and residues.

It is in view of these peculiar situations that NDP-I envisages an increase in productivity through scientific breeding and feeding, by doubling artificial insemination to 40 per cent of milch animals. This would be achieved by production of 2,500 high genetic merit (HGM) bulls indigenously and by importing about 400 from abroad, besides increasing the production of high-quality semen.

Linking IT

The other important steps under NDP-I, Dr Patel said, would be promotion of the Ration Balancing Program (RBP) to cover 2.7 million milch animals in 40,000 villages, fodder development, and promoting and strengthening village-based milk procurement systems.

In order to be a modern organisation, NDDB has set up an Information Network for Animal Productivity and Health (INAPH) in association with Bangalore-based Infosys Ltd. This would develop a vast database for all milch animals in the coming decades.

Business Line
Filariasis Serum Fear Hits Chicken Sale in Kerala
KERALA
09.01.2012

Chicken sale in Kerala has dropped 30-40 per cent over the last one month following a campaign that the birds are injected with the serum of Filariasis for getting maximum weight in a minimum period. This is especially seen in the northern Malabar region.

PV Unni, a Kochi-based wholesale dealer of chicken, said during the Christmas?New Year festival, duck was the preferred item followed by beef and pork. For years, chicken was most preferred meat in Kerala during Christmas. But now as the sale has declined, prices too have fallen to Rs 60 a kg against Rs 80 a kg last season. During the Christmas season in 2009, chicken price ruled at Rs 100-110 a kg, he said.

Chicken injected with the serum gets the maximum weight within just three weeks, which otherwise takes 3 months. In districts like Kasargode, Kannur and Kozhikode in the northern part, some chicken outlets have already been closed, Business Standard reports.

The antichicken campaign has seen a rise in the fish prices, which have increased 20-30 per cent during last couple of weeks. Fish, especially Seer fish, is now in good demand across the state and the average price has increased to Rs 400 a kg from Rs 350 some two weeks ago. Paul Babu, a fish trader based in Munambam, near here said all types of fish were in good demand now and the prices had increased during the last 3-4 weeks.

Even Mackerel, a common man?s item in Kerala, is now priced at Rs 120 a kg from Rs 90 a few weeks ago. The only item, which has a steady price tag is Indian Sardine, which is commonly available at Rs 20-30 a kg.

The demand for live duck too has increased, especially in the central districts like Ernakulam, Kottayam and Alappuzha. In most of the paddy fields of these districts duck farming business is very active currently.

The price of a single duck which weighs 1.5 kg on average is Rs 200-220 from Rs 180, compared to three to four months ago.

ThePoultrySite News Desk
Indian company introduces novel micro-encapsulating technology
11 Jan 2012

The research team of Ritus Neutraceuticals in India has, after years of intense research, been successful in isolating a micro-encapsulation process using nanotechnology. Unlike other micro encapsulation technologies currently in vogue, Ritus ensures ideal microencapsulation of every molecule.

We have effectively been able to, with the aid of nanotechnology, encapsulate every molecule of the inorganic mineral with salt,? explains R. Krishnan of Ritus Neutraceuticals.

As you may be well aware common salt is most inert, most easily solubilises and does not further interact with any other ingredient. We identified that at nanoparticular level salt effectively microencapsulates any desired inorganic mineral protecting it from reacting with bio-inhibitors and eliminating it's precipitation / coagulation / agglomeration in the digestive tract and ensures its best bio-absorption.?

The nanotechnology was developed into a novel Radical Technology wherein every molecule of the microencapsulant is made to possess a positive charge while the molecule that needs to be microencapsulated/protected is made to possess a negative charge.

This ensures that each and every molecule that requires to be microencapsulated is ideally and effectively microencapsulated with only one molecule of microencapsulant i.e. the microencapsulation continues till the charge neutrality has been established.

In simpler terms, this most effectively ensures the most ideal usage and positioning of the microencapsulating agent with respect to the molecule necessitating microencapsulation.

Amino acids, vitamins, minerals and nutrients like betaine have very effectively been microencapsulated using Ritus? know-how to ensure its enhanced stability and to act as ideal rumen bypass molecules thus enhancing its role in dairy nutrition.

The process also ensures improved stability, bioabsorbability and performance of the formulation containing the microencapsulated nutrients in the poultry, aqua and swine nutrition industry.

Proof of concept

The destructive role that choline plays in ensuring the rapid degradation of vitamins especially Vitamin A is probably too well known.

Our microencapsulation of choline most surprisingly ensures the most ideal stability of Vitamin A even in a liquid formulation wherein the surface area of contact is the highest, a state wherein conventional choline - normal and encapsulated versions available in the market - almost instantly degrades the activity of Vitamin A,? said Krishnan.

This simple Proof of Concept exhibits in the most simplest of manners the effectiveness of our Know-How in ensuring stability and utility of conventional vitamins, amino acids, minerals and other essential nutrients through microencapsulation,? he said. /> Business Line
US: Training on poultry handling
11 Jan 2012

A Train the Trainer workshop of the Poultry Handling and Transportation Quality Assurance Program (PHTQA) will be held on March 15/16, following the Midwest Poultry Federation Convention in St. Paul, MN, USA. It is designed to help facilitate the training of poultry catch crews.

While many companies have excellent in-house training on animal welfare and poultry quality assurance, there is a need ? and the desire among many poultry companies ? for third-party certification and verification. Some companies use contract employees for catch crews and transportation. There are occasionally language barriers that make training more challenging.

Employees who take the training are hopefully better equipped to undergo third party audits as required by many customers and suppliers.

Safe and humane handling of birds

PHTQA offers one-day training sessions to transportation and catch crews on biosecurity, disease recognition, emergency planning, and the safe and humane handling of birds. PHTQA covers most segments of the poultry industry, including: day-old poultry, pullets, spent fowl, broilers, layers and turkeys.

The PHTQA manual was developed by a team of poultry specialists drawn from academics, industry and USDA, and it incorporates best practices for each of the training areas covered. The program is partially funded under the umbrella of the Avian Influenza Coordinated Agricultural Project (AICAP), which is supported by the USDA-NIFA AFRI Animal Biosecurity Competitive Program to the University of Maryland and The Pennsylvania State University.

Program materials, including a detailed training manual, will be made available in both English and Spanish. Participants who successfully complete the two day training program and tests will be able to conduct PHTQA certification trainings independently.

World Poultry News
India Extends Import Ban on Milk From China
11.01.2012

On 26 December, 2011, the Government of India (GOI) extended the import prohibition on milk and milk products from China for a period of six months.

This ban includes milk and milk products including chocolates and chocolate products, candies, and confectionary and food preparations with milk or milk solids as an ingredient that have originated in China.

TheCattleSite News Desk
New Feed Mill & Laboratories Opened in India
12.01.2012

The Director General of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) has inaugurated a new feed mill and National feed testing laboratory at The Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA).

Dr S. Ayyappan, Secretary, DARE and Director General, ICAR visited the Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture on the outskirts of the city on 2 January.

Dr Ayyappan who led CIFA from 1996-2000 said it was a home coming for him. He was welcomed by Director Dr P. Jayasankar, who said that the CIFA family is extremely happy to host the visit. The Institute is celebrating its silver jubilee this year and the visit of DG made it more significant.

The DG visited the farm facilities and the laboratories. He also discussed research priorities in freshwater aquaculture for the XII five year plan.

He stressed the ?Farmer First? programme, embarked upon by the ICAR, to be implemented in its letter and spirit. He underlined the need for spending 25 per cent of scientist?s time is farmer?s field.

Spread of research results and visibility of impact would be the yardsticks for successful farm research.

He inaugurated four facilities at the Institute; the state of the art Feed Mill, National Feed Testing Laboratory, Digestibility Laboratory and Physiology Wet Laboratory.

The feed mill will help upscale the feed technology and promote feed use by the farmers towards enhancing fish production. The referral laboratory will help in quality assurance and certification for production of quality fish feed informed Dr Jayasankar.

TheFishSite News Desk
India World Leader In Milk Production
12.01.2012

The National Dairy Development Board?s (NDDB) Annual Report for 2010-11 has conveyed that India continued to be the largest milk producing nation in 2010-11. The country?s estimated milk production for 2010-11 is 121 million tonnes, close to 17 per cent of world milk production.

During the year, dairy cooperatives collected 9.6 million tonnes of milk, a growth of around one per cent over last year. Liquid milk marketing by cooperatives increased by around four per cent over the previous year and was about 8.2 million tonnes in 2010-11.

Explaining that higher GDP growth, increased incomes in rural areas through schemes like MGNREGA and a growing population are contributing to a rapidly growing demand for milk, Dr Amrita Patel, Chairman, NDDB said: ?Increasing domestic milk production at the pace required through adoption of a scientific approach by improving the genetic potential of milk animals and feeding them a balanced diet, to ensure they produce milk commensurate with their genetic potential, is the only way to meet the surge in demand.

"It is therefore imperative that a scientifically planned multi-state initiative is launched and NDDB has therefore prepared a National Dairy Plan (NDP) with a fifteen year horizon."

?NDP has been appraised by the World Bank and approval for the project is expected shortly," she added.

Additional funding for activities that are commercial in nature such as plants for milk processing and manufacture of cattle feed, are being explored with the International Finance Corporation (IFC), an affiliate of the World Bank.

The National Dairy Plan aims at contributing to increasing milk production by increasing productivity in existing dairy animals through a focused and scientific process for breeding and feeding.

The first phase of the NDP is proposed to be implemented over a period of six years and envisages an investment of around Rs. 2000 crore for activities ranging from:

 Production of high genetic merit bulls,

Production of disease free quality semen,

 Implementing a pilot to promote a model for viable doorstep AI delivery services following prescribed Standard Operating Procedures,

 Ration Balancing Programme,

 Extension and demonstrations for fodder development,

 Interventions to strengthen village based milk procurement systems,

 ICT for breeding and nutrition services ? based on ear tagging of animals and capturing and transmitting data from the field to central database servers for monitoring, analysis and feedback,

 Augmenting systems in the villages for procurement of milk in a fair and transparent manner,

 Project learning and monitoring and capacity building and training.

The project is proposed to be carried out by End Implementing Agencies (EIAs) including State Cooperative Dairy Federations; District Cooperative Milk Producers Unions; Producer Companies and State Livestock development Boards that meet the criteria for each activity and in states that have agreed to put in place the necessary regulatory and policy measures to create an enabling environment for the successful implementation of the project.

During 2010-11, NDDB continued to provide a range of technical services by undertaking numerous engineering projects, implementing programmes to produce high genetic merit bulls, managing two of the largest semen production stations that together produce about 18 per cent of the total frozen semen doses in the country, facilitating pilots for Ration Balancing Advisory Services, R&D activities related to animal vaccines and diagnostics, methane emission reduction through balanced feeding and solid state fermentation technology and training initiatives focused on equipping dairy professionals with the latest technology and hands-on practices and capacity building of milk producers, staff and directors on the boards of milk unions on recent developments in the dairy sector.

TheCattleSite News Desk

                                                               

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